The colours used in this advert are pink, purple, white, black and red. This gives the advert a lot of variety and makes it bright and attractive so will catch audience’s attention. The image is quite comical as it’s of 3 unusual monsters on cliffs above a village, this makes the audience look at it to try and work out what the image is of and so catches their attention and makes them read what the advert is for.
COPY:
The band name and the album name are in the same colour, but different font. The colour looks like lights at a concert which help make a connection between the advert and music, this helps identify what the advert is for. The use of different fonts separates them and makes the advertisement clear. The rest of the text is in white and it’s not there to grab attention, so making them a different colour means the album and band name stand out more.
TARGET AUDIENCE:
As the advert is quite comical and the text is creative, it suggests the target audience are young adults and teenagers. There is no identification of gender, however the use of pink and purple in the advert makes it appealing to girls and the image looks quite masculine. This means the target audience could be male or female.
The colours used in this advert are red, black, white and cream, the red contrasts well against the black and helps grab attention. The image shows what looks like a concert hall building with the iconic Led Zeppelin image; this makes the band immediately identifiable to anyone. It also looks like a stereo which helps identify it as a music advert, as well as it having the words ‘Rock’ and ‘Roll’ on it. Above the building is a red, black and cream blimp that has ‘Mother Ship’ on it, this identifies the album name.
COPY:
The Band name and album name are in the same font, the band name is in a cream colour and the album name is in red. The change in colour separates them and makes the advertisement clear and varied. The font is large and in capitals which makes it stand out and grab the audience’s attention. The information about the CD is beneath the image in lower case and in white text, this isn’t needed to grab attention so isn’t as big as the names of the band and album.
GENRE:
The colours help identify the genre as they are typical colours used in the rock genre, the dark colours make it clear that the genre is more dark and gritty.
The use of the words ‘Rock’ and ‘Roll’ make the genre clear to the audience.
TARGET AUDIENCE:
The advert looks very masculine because of the colours and the use of images; this suggests that the target audience are more likely to be men than women. It also looks quite sophisticated which would suggest the target audience may be young men towards middle age and older.
The colours used in the advert are black white and red, the red is the only bright colour on the advert and really contrasts with the black and white which helps add dramatic effect. Red connotes blood, death and danger and so it reinforces the idea of rock stars being rebellious and dangerous. The image shows the two members of the band wearing eccentric clothing, people often see rock stars and punks as outcasts and not the norm. Their clothing reinforces this idea, and the way the woman is smiling shows that they don’t care what people think.
COPY:
All the text is in capitals which helps it stand out and really catch the audience’s attention. The band name and the album name are both in red which stands out and contrasts well against the dark background. The release date of the single and the album are beneath the band and album names, in white text. This differentiates the information and makes the advertisement clear.
GENRE:
The image has a border around it that is black and looks damaged, this helps make the image look gritty which is what rock stars typically look like.
The use of black, white and red are typically seen in the rock genre and so the use of these colours help the audience identify the genre straight away.
STAR:
Including the band on the advertisement helps the audience to identify them and create a relationship with them. If a fan saw the advert, they would know what the advert is for straight away when they saw the band and would then read the information on the advert, rather than skipping past it.
TARGET AUDIENCE:
As the band is made up of a man and a woman, it means both genders can relate to the band and so both genders could be the target audience. They both look quite young which would suggest the audience are likely to be of a similar age and teenagers.
The image is of car lights passing on a road, this relates to the title of the album which helps to make the advertisement memorable. The colours used are grey, teal, yellow and orange. The grey and teal are dull and adds to the simplicity, and the orange and yellow add variety and grabs the audience's attention.
COPY
Capitals and basic font, this adds to the simplicity of the advert which helps make the advert memorable so the audience know what to look for when they go to buy the CD. White is used for the band name and green is used for the album name, this separates them and adds variety to the advert. The album and band name are at the top of the advert as this is the most important information on it because it means the audience can identify the band. The release date is at the bottom of the page to inform the audience of when they can buy the CD.
TARGET AUDIENCE
The advert is plain but creative, this suggests that the target audience would be older teenagers and young adults. There is no identification of gender on the advert, which makes it accessible to both men and women.
The image shows an opened book, one side has the album name on it and the other looks like a door, there is a shape that looks like a light inside the book which makes it look like an opening door. This is an interesting image and makes the audience have to look at it properly to see it properly. The colours used are white, orange and light green. These colours wouldn’t usually be expected on a rock album; however they’re quite dull and pale so aren’t too bright.
COPY:
The band name is written in a different font to everything else, this makes it clear and noticeable so that when the audience see it they know who the band is. The rest of the text is in a basic lowercase font, this keeps the advert simple and not too busy or over-done.
TARGET AUDIENCE:
The advert seems quite sophisticated, I think the target audience is more likely to me male because the colours aren’t very feminine and it doesn’t look like an advert that belongs to a girl band. I think they age group of the target audience would be young men rather than teenagers.
REPRESENTATION:
This advert represents class, because it looks quite intellectual and sophisticated.
OTHER:
The advert gives the audience information about the release date at the bottom of the advert; this helps the audience in buying the product. It also includes a comment from another magazine, this gives an unbiased opinion and makes it desirable to the audience.
The front cover is all black and white; this makes it very simple and gives a clear idea of genre. The image shows the band in a line and we can see their full bodies, this enables the audience to identify them and get an idea of what they’re like from their clothes. They’re dressed quite casually which along with the simplicity of the cover, gives a relaxed feeling to the cover.
COPY:
The text is written in block capitals and is very simple which goes well with the rest of the cover’s simplicity.
TARGET AUDIENCE:
As the band is all male, it seems it would most likely appeal to males as they can relate more easily. They are all young men and so the target audience are likely to be teenagers and young men, similar to their age.
REPRESENTATION:
The cover has a representation of youth, as they seem quite young and their clothing and positioning make this clear.
INLAY:
The left side of the inlay shows 2 aeroplanes crossing paths, this connects to the picture on the right of the inlay as it shows 2 of the band members sat in an aeroplane. Underneath the image on the left is some information about the album and its distributor. The image on the right allows the audience to see the band in a normal day to day situation, and helps them to feel like they know them better.
BACK COVER:
The background is red on the back rather than white like on the front; this separates the two and adds a bit of colour and variation to the CD. If the background was white, the CD may look a bit too boring. The song list is in block capitals and white, this is the same as the album and band name on the front cover so there is a running theme, which makes it more attractive and appealing.
The colours red, white and black have been used on the cover. The red has been splatted across and it looks like blood and this connotes danger which is associated with rock stars and rock music.
The image shows a crest of an eagle, which is a dangerous animal and so also relates to the stereotype rock stars have of being dangerous.
COPY:
The band name is written in capitals at the top of the cover; this makes it stand out and separates it from the album name. This is written at the bottom of the cover and is written in a calligraphy font, which makes the cover look sophisticated.
TARGET AUDIENCE:
The image on the cover would suggest the target audience would be male as it looks like a crest which, in the past, would be found on armour. This is what men would wear and so would suggest the target audience would be male. The cover looks sophisticated and so would suggest the audience may not be young teenagers but younger men.
REPRESENTATION:
This cover represents class, the use of an eagle crest suggests they are of a higher class.
INLAY:
The left side of the inlay has an image of a member of the band; he’s wearing a suit which suggests he is a higher class. He’s wearing black and white and there is a red star on the collar of his jacket and so this keeps to the colour scheme of the CD. He’s looking down away from the camera with serious emotion, which gives an idea of what he’s like. Behind him is a white background with red splattered, this keeps to the theme of red, white and black.
On the right side of the inlay there are images of finger prints, a print of the crest from the cover in red and more splattered red. This creates an enigma, because the audience don’t know why there are fingerprints on the CD and makes it interesting.
BACK COVER:
There is an image of the band on the back of the CD, this helps the audience identify them. They’re all dressed in black, which keeps to the colour scheme and also fits the stereotype of rock stars. We can see that the lead singer is the one at the front and he’s well dressed and his clothes look quite expensive, this is a representation class. The song list is written on its side, this makes the back cover look unusual and quirky.
The image is of a lake surrounded by trees, this gives the cover a sense of loneliness as there isn’t anything around it and it’s very open and empty. There isn’t much colour, dark green and black is used in the image which makes it look scary and lonelier.
COPY:
The band name is the largest text on the cover; it’s got leaves branching out from it which makes it relate to the image on the cover. The album name is at the bottom of the cover and is in capitals, it’s very plain but looks official and serious which suggests this is what the album will be like.
TARGET AUDIENCE:
The use of dark colours and leaves rather than flowers suggest the target audience would be males, it looks quite sophisticated which would suggest the audience would me young men rather than teenagers.
TAGLINE/TITLE/NAME:
The album’s name ‘Dead Letters’ sounds quite sad and morbid, which gives a sense of genre and what the music is like.
INLAY:
On the left side of the inlay, there is a quote that says “a dead letter is a letter that has never been delivered because the person whom it was written cannot be found, and it also cannot be returned to the person who wrote it”. This quote sounds sad and again, quite morbid and so this shows there is a sad theme to the CD. It’s written on a simple dark green background and in the centre, this catches the audience’s attention and the simplicity means it has quite an impact.
BACK COVER:
The image on the back cover is another angle of the lake surrounded by trees, which continues the theme of the CD. The song list is written in the centre in white capitals, the same as the album title. The song list gives an idea of the emotions portrayed in the album, as some are quite sad and morbid, for example ‘Funeral Song’. This relates to the sadness and morbid traits of the rest of the CD.
There are lots of drawings on the cover and is quite funny, there’s lots of colour which makes it interesting and stand out. It gives the idea that the album is fun and entertaining, as the cover is funny and different. The band isn’t shown on the cover so the audience can’t relate to them.
COPY:
The text looks handwritten and childlike which suggests the album is funny and childish. The band name is coming out of an explosion which shows they are the main focus and are dramatic. The album name is in red and lower case at the bottom of the cover, this makes it clear that it’s the album name.
TARGET AUDIENCE:
The drawings on the cover suggest the target audience would be teenage boys and young men, this is because they’re quite aggressive images and have a lot of boy humour.
TAGLINE/TITLE/NAME:
The album name ‘Dookie’ adds to the comedic theme of the album cover’s images.
INLAY:
The left side of the inlay shows images of members of the band, some of them are comical which relates to the comical theme of the cover and the childlike traits. There is also an image of one of the members playing guitar which identifies genre as the electric guitar is an iconic rock instrument. Finally, there is an image of a band member pointing a cigarette, this reinforces the idea that rock stars are rebellious.
BACK COVER:
There is an image of people at a concert; this gives a sense of excitement to the CD. The font of the songs looks handwritten and so connects with the cover of the CD. In the centre of the back cover is a puppet from Sesame Street, this adds to the comical theme.
Woman sat looking into the camera with a plain expression, which gives a sense of seriousness. The image is in black and white except a red cross on her jacket, this is the only bright colour on the cover and so stands out more. Red is a connotation of danger, which is associated with rebellion and rock.
COPY:
The text is in capitals and has a decaying look to it and isn’t feminine, this tells the audience something about the artist.
The album name is in red, this makes a connection between the album and the artist on the cover.
GENRE:
The use of black and white and rough/destroyed edges around the cover gives a gritty look which is seen rock and roll.
The artist is wearing quite a masculine jacket and a frilly skirt, this is a big contrast and tells the audience that she’s a strong and independent woman but still has some feminine qualities.
TARGET AUDIENCE:
As there is a young woman on the cover, the target audience is likely to be young girls in their teens. Her skirt suggests she’s quite childlike and fun which would also suggest the target audience would be teenage girls.
MODE OF ADDRESS:
Because the artist is looking into the camera, a relationship is created between her and the audience.
TAGLINE/TITLE/NAME:
The album name ‘Under My Skin’ gives a sense of sadness and seriousness to the album and so the audience is given an idea of what the music might be like.
REPRESENTATION:
There is a representation of youth on the cover, as she is a young woman and looks almost rebellious, her expression and clothing support the idea of youth being “out of control”.
INLAY:
On the left of the inlay, there is a colour image of the artist. She is stood in a way that suggests she’s fed up or bored, this is a representation of youth. She is wearing black and red which keeps to the colour scheme of the album cover and gives a sense of genre.
On the right of the inlay, there is a message from the artist thanking people which makes the album personal.
BACK COVER:
The image of the girl shows her clothing more; we can see that she is wearing masculine boots which would suggest she’s a strong woman. But again, she is wearing a girly and childish skirt which would also suggest she is still feminine. She is lying down and looks sad, which would suggest she can be weak, this reinforces stereotypes of women.
The text keeps to the theme of red, white and black and the same font is used throughout which makes it attractive.
The song list is shown on the back and the names give an idea of her emotions as they sound personal and show her angst.
The colours used in the video are black, white and red. The black and white are typical colours found in a rock video, as they connote darkness and sadness. The colour red connotes danger and so using red as the only bright colour in the video reinforces the idea of rock being rebellious and dangerous.
There are low angle shots of the man playing guitar, as it gets closer to the screen it gets bigger. This makes the audience feel like they look up to him like he’s their idol.
As the song picks up and becomes intense, lights begin to flash; this builds up more excitement and energy. As the pace of the song increases, the speed of the triangles speeds up and when the song slows, the triangles also slow. This gives the video and variety of speed which makes it more interesting and clear to see and different points of the song.
EDITING:
The video is one continuous shot which is through a kaleidoscopic tunnel of triangles; this makes it look almost hypnotising and very interesting.
GENRE:
A guitar and a drum kit are seen in the video which help identify the rock genre as they are typical instruments used in a rock band. As the man is playing the guitar he head bangs which shows he is playing with energy and rock bands tend to put all their energy into a performance.
There are skeletons that march and are wearing amour, this relates to the song and also gives an idea of genre. Skeletons connote death which is a theme in some rock songs and so are more likely to appear in a rock video than another genre.
TARGET AUDIENCE:
As the 2 members of the band are a man and a woman, it makes the video appeal to both genders because there is someone for them to relate to. However the main person focused on in the video is the male and so it may appeal to more men than women. They both look quite young, which means it would appeal to younger men and women and teenagers.
MODE OF ADDRESS:
There are some shots of the singer looking into the camera whilst singing, and sometimes points into the camera. This makes the audience feel like he’s personally talking to them and so a relationship is created and they can relate to him.
REPRESENTATION:
There are more shots of the man than the woman, and the shots of him are always bigger and sometimes look like he’s standing above her. This represents him as more important than her as he looks like he has a higher authority.
There is some handheld camera movement which makes the camera shaky,
EDITING:
There are a number of fade in and fade outs at the start of the video, these make connections within the video. The first shot is of a water meter which fades to a dripping water pipe and finally fades into the band; this sets the scene and gives an idea of what will happen.
Straight cuts are used throughout; this keeps the video up to the quick paced music and creates verisimilitude.
There’s a strobe of images as 2 members of the band jump playing guitar, this gives the video a sense of energy.
GENRE: There are low angle shots of the guitarist, this makes the audience feel as if they look up to him and idolise him. There are high angle shots of the drummer and the drum kit, this shows the energy he is putting into playing the drums and also drums are a typical instrument used in a rock band, so when the audience sees it, they know the genre.
TARGET AUDIENCE: The use of a male and female lead in the story of the video make it accessable to both genders, also because the band is made of males and a female lead means boys and girls can relate. The band and the characters in the video are all young, so would suggest the target audience are young men and women, and teenagers.
MODE OF ADDRESS: The lead singer sings into the camera and looks quite sad, as if she's asking for help. This makes the audience feel sympathy towards her and so it creates a relationship between them and the singer.
MOOD AND TONE: The band have very high energy which creates an energetic and exciting mood to the video,
NARRATIVE:
The video shows the day of 2 characters
EQUILIBRIUM: the girl and the boy are at work, the girl is a model and the boy is a cook
DISRUPTION: the girl gets told what to eat and wear and the boy gets told off repeatedly
RECOGNTION OF DISRUPTION: they get upset and frustrated with the way they’re treated and what’s expected of them
ATTEMPT TO REPAIR DISRUPTION: the boy quits and goes to get the girl
REINSTATMENT OF EQUILIBRIUM: the boy saves the girl from her job by setting off the sprinklers
REPRESENTATION: The female singer headbangs a lot in the video which goes against the stereotype of women, however supports the stereotype of rock stars. It makes her seem less feminine which supports the idea that female rock stars aren't very girly and "weak". Although, the way she looks sad and helpless towards the camera, suggests even though she acts strong, she is still a woman and so is seen as weak.
There are a lot of flashing lights in the video which makes it hard to see properly and makes it look like a lot is going on. This
There is lots of red and orange smoke around the band which connote fire and danger, and danger is often associated with rock music because it’s rebellious.
A projector and lights are used to make the bulding look like a stereo, this makes the video look more dramatic and matches the music because it is also very dramatic and that point of the song.
EDITING:
There are a number of fade ins and outs between shots of the building the band are in, these are happening while the music is building up, this creates tension and excitement.
Jump cuts are used on the tattoos, this emphasises their importance and the rebelliousness of the band.
GENRE: Close ups of their guitars and drums which are typical instruments used in a rock band and are iconography of the genre.
TARGET AUDIENCE: The 3 men in the video would mean the target audience are most likely to be teenage boys and men, as they can relate to them. The aggression and high enerfy would also suggest the target audience is most likely to be teenage boys and young men, rather than young women and girls.
MODE OF ADDRESS: The lead singer sings into the camera, there are some extreme close ups of his mouth as he sings. This creates a relationship between the audience and the singer and the extreme close up makes it more intimate.
MOOD AND TONE:
They are playing their instruments with loads of energy and quite aggressively, this reinforces the idea that rock stars are aggressive.
When the lead singer is singing, he looks as if he’s shouting and he grabs his head which makes him look almost angry.
REPRESENTATION:
The band is topless in the video and this makes their tattoos visible to the audience, tattoos connote rebellion and rock bands are often seen as rebellious. Extreme close ups are used to show the tattoos, this emphasises the importance of them.
Her clothes are mainly black which connotes sadness which relates to the song. Her clothes are quite masculine showing her as a strong woman rather than weak and feeble, which wouldn’t be expected of a rock artist. She wears a red and black skirt in the video which shows even though she’s strong she’s also feminine.
The main colours used in the video are black and red, the black emphasises the darkness and sadness. The red connotes danger and rock music is seen as dangerous and rebellious.
As her memories of her boyfriend become less happy and show the separation of her, the lighting because lower and gloomier to emphasise the sadness.
Warmer lighting when she sings and plays piano makes it clear that it’s the present.
EDITING:
A white flash is used between her singing and her memories to differ between them and emphasise how things have changed.
Blue tinted versions of the videos she watches around her while she plays the piano, makes the connection between the memories and the song.
At the end of the video there is a fade out and she looks away with a sad expression, this shows she is left alone and upset which makes the audience feel sorry for her.
GENRE:
Her strong and masculine actions give an idea of the genre as rock stars are shown as independent and strong, even women.
At the end of the video she is playing an electric guitar on a roof, the electric guitar is an iconic part of rock music.
TARGET AUDIENCE:
As the singer is a young woman, the target audience is likely to also be young women and teenage girls. Young women would be able to relate to the singer and teenagers could aspire to be like her.
MODE OF ADDRESS:
There is a close up of her singing into the camera, this creates an intimate relationship between her and the audience and help them relate to her.
There’s a mid-shot of her singing at the camera and she has an angry expression, this makes it clear to the audience of her feelings and makes her look more masculine than feminine.
MOOD AND TONE:
She has sad and angry expressions when singing and when looking back at the videos of her and her boyfriend, shows something bad has happened between them.
She smiles and laughs a lot in the memories and videos she watches back, this contrasts the feelings she once had compared to what she feels now.
NARRATIVE:
Todorov’s theory can be found in the memories:
EQUILIBRIUM: the singer and her boyfriend are happy, there are many shots of them smiling and having fun.
DISRUPTION: the memories become less colourful and their expressions become sad and they begin fighting.
RECOGNITION OF DISRUPTION: she repeatedly tries to walk away from him and push him away from her.
ATTEMPT TO REPAIR DISRUPTION: she runs to a guitar shop and goes to the roof and walks past her ex-boyfriend and plays with a band.
REINSTATEMENT OF EQUILIBRIUM: she begins smiling whilst singing which suggests she is moving on.
REPRESENTATION:
She looks strong and has masculine traits throughout the video, however she also looks sad in the video, this makes her look weak and represents women as weak and suggests she might just be putting on a show to look less weak.
Dark colours, greys and blacks; associated with rock
Dull/low lighting; emphasises the sad, lonely atmosphere and mood
Handheld camera movements, shaky and disturbed; makes the audience nervous and shows the negative feelings of the men
EDITING:
Film grain, video looks broken or damaged; relates to song title, emphasises the negative mood
Straight cuts; keep it fast pace and match the beat of the music
GENRE:
The messy and broken shots in the video help the audience identify the genre, as it looks uncared for and quite rugged, which is what most people would associate rock music with.
TARGET AUDIENCE:
The dark colours and three men suggest the target audience would be boys. The young extras that the camera pans across suggest the audience would be younger adults and teenagers. The use of female extras helps it appeal to girls as well as boys.
MODE OF ADDRESS:
Mid shots of the singer singing, looking into the camera gives the idea that he is singing to the audience and helps them feel connected to him.
MOOD AND TONE:
Aggressive facial expressions; suggests anger and angst
The band and extras have sad expressions which matche the dark colours and lighting which together emphasise the sadness and loneliness expressed in the song
REPRESENTATION:
Dirty/messy settings which suggest lower class as it suggests they don't have much money
Lead singer is wearing a black leather jacket; “bad boy” image, rock is seen as rebellious
NARRATIVE:
The video doesn’t follow Todorov’s narrative theory because the video begins with a disruption, as the band’s car breaks down.
OTHER:
The video presents the band as aggressive and unhappy, this is shown by the lead singer kicking the broken down car at the beginning of the video and the angry expressions and movement throughout the video.
